What your vote means
A "yes" vote on Amendment 81 requires law enforcement to notify federal immigration authorities after filing certain criminal charges against individuals who are not confirmed to be lawfully present.
A "no" vote on Amendment 81 maintains current law, which allows cooperation with federal immigration authorities in some criminal matters, but limits state and local law enforcement involvement in civil immigration enforcement.
Summary and analysis
What does the measure do?
Amendment 81 requires certified peace officers employed by a law enforcement agency, correctional officers, and district attorney personnel to notify the federal Department of Homeland Security (DHS) within 72 hours of charging someone with a crime if the charge is a crime of violence or if the individual has a prior felony conviction. The notification requirement applies if the charged individual is not lawfully present in the United States, or if their lawful status cannot be determined.
Which individuals are subject to notification?
The measure applies to an individual charged with, but not yet convicted of, a crime of violence, which are crimes causing serious bodily harm or death to another person, or involving the use of a deadly weapon. This includes crimes such as murder, assault, arson, escape, extortion, kidnapping, aggravated robbery, and certain sexual offenses and human trafficking.
The measure also applies to individuals with any prior felony conviction, regardless of when it occurred, who are charged with any type of crime-including traffic violations, petty offenses, misdemeanors, and felonies.
In all cases, the measure applies once the individual is formally charged with a crime, not at the time of arrest, and before any legal process has determined whether they are guilty or innocent.
What is current law related to communication with federal immigration authorities?
Colorado law currently permits state and local law enforcement to cooperate in the enforcement of federal criminal law, but limits state and local participation in civil immigration enforcement. Among other restrictions, state and local government agencies and employees are prohibited from sharing certain nonpublic personal information with federal immigration authorities, unless directed by federal law, a court order, or a judicial warrant. Employees who violate these prohibitions may be subject to a fine of up to $50,000. However, neither federal nor state law require law enforcement agencies to notify federal immigration authorities when unlawfully present individuals are charged with crimes. State and local authorities do not currently track or publish data on how many unlawfully present individuals are charged with crimes of violence or are charged with any crime after a prior felony conviction.
What authority do local governments have to engage with federal immigration authorities?
Unless prohibited by state law, local governments have the authority to determine their level of cooperation and communication with federal immigration authorities. For example, the City and County of Denver expanded upon state law by prohibiting federal immigration authorities from accessing city-controlled property like courthouses. Conversely, El Paso County requires officers to notify federal immigration authorities if they suspect that an individual in their custody does not have legal status.
Arguments for and against
For
1) Violent individuals and repeat offenders residing in the United States unlawfully should be reported to federal immigration authorities for further enforcement action, which could include removal from the country. The measure increases communication and coordination between Colorado law enforcement and federal immigration authorities to identify individuals who may pose a threat to public safety, without targeting those who are otherwise law-abiding and contribute positively to society.
2) The measure creates a new uniform statewide standard for cooperation with federal immigration authorities. Consistent requirements across jurisdictions improve enforcement and reduce variation among local policies, thus improving public safety and allowing the criminal justice system to work efficiently and effectively in removing potential criminals from the country.
Against
1) The measure undermines the constitutional right to due process and the presumption of innocence by requiring local law enforcement to report individuals to DHS and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) before a court determines whether the individual committed a crime. Criminal charges are allegations, not findings of guilt, and individuals should not face potentially life-altering immigration consequences, including deportation, before receiving a fair trial. People who are legally present or who are found to not have committed any crime could be swept up in immigration enforcement actions if they are unable to prove their status in the measure's strict 72-hour timeframe.
2) The measure is too broad to be enforced equitably and consistently, which erodes trust between law enforcement and their communities. By failing to define key terms such as "reasonable effort" or "lawful presence," enforcement is left up to the discretion of individual officers, who may rely on subjective characteristics such as language spoken or personal appearance when deciding to review a person's legal status. This breakdown in trust may deter some individuals from reporting crimes, cooperating with investigations, or seeking assistance for fear of subjecting themselves or members of their community to immigration enforcement.
Fiscal impact
State Spending
In state budget year 2026-27, state spending and workload will increase for agencies that employ law enforcement officers. Two departments require system updates: the Department of Revenue requires $50,000 to access federal databases and make programming changes, and the Department of Natural Resources requires $10,000 to update computer systems. The measure does not specify a funding source to pay for these costs and it is assumed that they will be paid from the General Fund. Workload may also increase in these departments, as well as the departments of Higher Education, Human Services, Judicial, Law, and Public Safety, to the extent they are required to determine a charged individual's immigration status and communicate with the federal government on affected cases; however, this work will be primarily conducted by local governments.
Local Government Spending
Local law enforcement agencies, including police, district attorney offices, and Regional Transportation District officers, will have increased workload and potential spending. As with the state, the added workload involves determining a charged individual's immigration status and communicating with the federal government on affected cases. Because this determination happens after charges are filed, most of the workload will fall on district attorney offices. The amount of work will vary by jurisdiction depending on how many individuals are charged there. Spending, if incurred, will be on systems updates.
From the Legislative Council Staff's The Blue Book: State Ballot Information Booklet, pages 15 to 18.
The ballot question81
Shall there be an amendment to the Colorado Constitution requiring law enforcement to notify the department of homeland security when a person is charged with either a violent crime or any crime if the person has a prior felony conviction if law enforcement cannot determine that the person is lawfully present in the United States?
Issue committees registered with the state
- In favor
- Brighter Colorado; Eagle County Republican Women Club
- Opposed
- Colorado Communities First; The People's No; Vote Common Sense; People for a Fair Colorado; Make Good Change; Watchdog for the People
Issue committees’ money
What each committee for or against this measure has raised and spent, from its filings since Jan. 1, 2025. A committee working on several measures reports its money once, and it is shown beside each. A donor is named here when any one gift was $200 or more.
| Committee | Raised | Raised, drawn to scale | Spent |
|---|---|---|---|
| ForBRIGHTER COLORADO | $6,025,525 | $6,020,541 | |
| ForEAGLE COUNTY REPUBLICAN WOMEN CLUB | $5,429 | $0 | |
| AgainstCOLORADO COMMUNITIES FIRST | $623,815 | $552,743 | |
| AgainstTHE PEOPLE'S NO | $365,737 | $300,000 | |
| AgainstVOTE COMMON SENSE | $1,069,903 | $1,038,432 | |
| AgainstWATCHDOG FOR THE PEOPLE | $26,388 | $0 |
BRIGHTER COLORADO
- GOPAC ELECTION FUND, ARLINGTON$3,679,700
- COMMON SENSE AMERICA, MCLEAN$2,000,000
- COLORADO DAWN, COLORADO SPRINGS$100,000
- URBAN SOLUTION GROUP, DENVER$50,000
- 1876 RESOURCES LLC, DENVER$25,000
From donors not named here: 12 gifts, $625.
EAGLE COUNTY REPUBLICAN WOMEN CLUB
- EAGLE COUNTY REPUBLICIAN WOMEN, VAIL$960
- KARYN CAMPBELL, VAIL$250
- LISA ESHLEMON, AVON$250
From donors not named here: 13 gifts, $3,969.
COLORADO COMMUNITIES FIRST
- COLORADO IMMIGRANT RIGHTS COALITION, DENVER$165,251
- CIRC ACTION FUND, DENVER$117,376
- AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF COLORADO, DENVER$84,949
- PGSR TRUST, SAN FRANCISCO$50,000
- ROSE COMMUNITY FOUNDATION, DENVER$50,000
From donors not named here: 122 gifts, $8,353.
THE PEOPLE'S NO
- AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF COLORADO, DENVER$258,133
- COLOR ACTION FUND, DENVER$105,141
- COLORADO CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM COALITION (CCJRC), DENVER$2,464
VOTE COMMON SENSE
- GREEN ADVOCACY PROJECT, WASHINGTON$225,000
- COLORADO FUND FOR CHILDREN & PUBLIC EDUCATION, DENVER$115,000
- COBALT ADVOCATES, DENVER$105,000
- MERLE CHAMBERS, DENVER$100,000
- CONSERVATION COLORADO, DENVER$90,833
WATCHDOG FOR THE PEOPLE
- COLORADO COMMON CAUSE, DENVER$26,388
As printed in the document it was read from. Money from TRACER, the Secretary of State's campaign finance system (read 4:01 a.m.).